Did quality of life for older cancer survivors improve with the turn of the century in the United States?

ObjectivesAlthough survival after a cancer diagnosis has improved considerably over the past 20 years, little is known about trends in health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) for older prostate, breast, and lung cancer survivors.MethodsUsing a population-based registry with longitudinal patient reported outcomes (the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database linked to Medicare Health Outcomes Survey), we analyzed Medicare Advantage patients diagnosed with cancer during 1998–2011, who completed surveys regarding HRQOL through 2013. ‘Early Era’ patients were treated during 1998–2003; ‘Late Era’ patients were treated during 2006–2011. After propensity score matching, post-diagnosis changes in health utility (HU), Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores were calculated and compared between the two eras.ResultWe identified 208 older patients with prostate, 276 with breast and 76 with lung cancer who were treated in the ‘Early Era’ and matched to equal numbers in the ‘Late Era’. Mean age of patients in early and late era was 72 and 73 years, respectively. The mean post-diagnosis decline in health utility for patients treated in the ‘Late Era’ was not significantly different from the ‘Early Era’ for any cancer (Prostate [early vs. late]: ?0.06 vs. -0.03, p = .09; Breast: ?0.03 vs. ?0.04, p = .65; Lung: ?0.07 vs. ?0.07, p = .95); nor for Physical Component Summary or Mental Component Summary scores.ConclusionOlder patients treated for prostate, breast or lung cancer in the later era reported similar outcomes of changes in HRQOL compared to earlier era patients.     

液晶数字显示角度仪在全髋关节置换术中的应用价值

目的:探讨在全髋关节置换术中使用液晶数字显示角度仪控制前倾角的应用价值。方法:回顾分析自2018年1月至2019年12月83例行初次全髋关节置换术的患者,其中男28例,女55例;年龄42~81(70.4±7.9)岁。股骨颈骨折63例,股骨头缺血性坏死20例。所有患者术中使用液晶数显角度仪控制髋臼杯假体的前倾角,术后采用CT扫描,测量髋臼杯的前倾角,两者进行比较,了解使用液晶数显角度仪的准确性。结果:术后CT测量提示患者的髋臼前倾角均位于Lewinnek提倡的安全区内,术中使用液晶数显角度仪测量髋臼杯的前倾角度中位数为14.20°(12.80~15.40)°,术后CT扫描测量的髋臼杯的前倾角中位数为14.20°(13.40~15.50)°,两者比较差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.725,P=0.085)。结论:应用液晶数显角仪器对术中控制髋臼杯的前倾角是一种准确可靠的方法,具有良好的辅助参考价值。     

孤独症谱系障碍疼痛敏感程度及机制的研究进展

精神分裂症的主观生活质量反映了患者对个人身体、心理、社会和行为功能的满意度，为 精神卫生系统提供了一个评价临床疗效的主观指标。现回顾精神分裂症主观生活质量的评估工具和影 响因素，为改善患者主观生活质量的实践提供参考     

Optimize the management of urological tube-related emergencies during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic

BackgroundTo introduce and determine the value of optimized strategies for the management of urological tube-related emergencies with increased incidence, complexity and operational risk during the global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsAll emergent urological patients at Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, during the period of January 23 (the beginning of lockdown in Wuhan) to March 23, 2020, and the corresponding period in 2019 were recruited to form this study’s COVID-19 group and control group, respectively. Tongji Hospital has the most concentrated and strongest Chinese medical teams to treat the largest number of severe COVID-19 patients. Patients in the control group were routinely treated, while patients in the COVID-19 group were managed following the optimized principles and strategies. The case incidence for each type of tube-related emergency was recorded. Baseline characteristics and management outcomes (surgery time, secondary complex operation rate, readmission rate, COVID-19 infection rate) were analyzed and compared across the control and COVID-19 periods.ResultsThe total emergent urological patients during the COVID-19 period was 42, whereas during the control period, it was 124. The incidence of tube-related emergencies increased from 53% to 88% (P<0.001) during the COVID-19 period. In particular, the incidence of nephrostomy tube-related (31% vs. 15%, P=0.027) and single-J stent-related problems (19% vs. 6%, P=0.009) increased significantly. The mean surgery times across the two periods were comparable. The number of secondary complex operations increased from 12 (18%) to 14 (38%) (P=0.028) during the COVID 19-period. The number of 2-week postoperative readmission decreased from 10 (15%) to 1 (3%) (P=0.049). No participants contracted during the COVID-19 period.ConclusionsUrological tube-related emergencies have been found to have a higher incidence and require more complicated and dangerous operations during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the optimized management strategies introduced in this study are efficient, and safe for both urologists and patients.     

磁敏感加权成像黑质“燕尾征”在帕金森病中的诊断价值

目的:探讨3.0 T磁敏感加权成像(susceptibility weighted imaging,SWI)中"燕尾征"缺失在帕金森病(Parkinson's dis-ease,PD)的诊断价值并分析黑质小体-1 (nigrosome-1)可视化与PD患者临床资料的相关性.方法:收集2017年9月至2019年11月于重庆医科大学附属第一医院神经内科住院的50例PD患者及年龄、性别与之匹配的57例非PD患者.所有受试者均接受3.0 T头颅SWI检查.在获得的SWI图像上,由2名临床医师采用盲法独立对双侧"燕尾征"进行评估.一侧"燕尾征"缺失即判定为PD.计算"燕尾征"缺失诊断PD的灵敏度、特异度、预测值和准确度,并分析nigrosome-1可视化与PD患者临床资料的相关性.结果:以临床诊断作为金标准,45例PD患者判断正确,评估者之间的一致性很高(k=0.963,P=0.000)."燕尾征"缺失诊断PD的灵敏度为90.0％,特异度为91.2％,阳性预测值为90.0％,阴性预测值为91.2％,准确度为90.7％.44例PD患者临床症状不对称,其中32例患者nigrosome-1可视化不对称.PD患者nigrosome-1可视化偏侧和临床症状偏侧比较差异无统计学意义(x2=5.756,P=0.056).11例PD患者双侧nigrosome-1全部缺失,纳入全部缺失组,其余PD患者为非全部缺失组.全部缺失组和非全部缺失组患者的汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分差异有统计学意义(U=126.500,P=-0.038),而病程、帕金森病统一评定量表第Ⅲ部分、改良Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)分级、简易智能状态量表和蒙特利尔认知评估量表评分差异均无统计学意义(P=0.768、0.140、0.839、0.054、0.067).结论:"燕尾征"缺失诊断PD的准确率较高,缺失程度可能与PD患者的抑郁程度有关,对PD的诊断有一定参考价值.